Name the pulmonary disease in which alveolar surface area involvedin gas exchange is drastically reduced due to damage in the alveolar walls.

(A)

Asthma

(B)

Pleurisy

(C)

Emphysema

(D)

Pneumonia

NEET - Medical UG-2015 Hard

Answer & Solution:

The correct answer is (c) Emphysema

The surface area of the respiratory membrane can be greatly decreased by many conditions. In emphysema, many of the alveoli coalesce, with dissolution of many alveolar walls. Therefore, the new alveolar chambers are much larger than the original alveoli, but the total surface area of the respiratory membrane is often decreased as much as fivefold because of loss of the alveolar walls. When the total surface area is decreased to about one-third to one-fourth normal, exchange of gases through the membrane is substantially impeded, even under resting conditions, and during competitive sports and other strenuous exercise, even the slightest decrease in surface area of the lungs can be a serious detriment to respiratory exchange of gases.

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Name the pulmonary disease in which alveolar surface area involvedin gas exchange is drastically reduced due to damage in the alveolar walls.

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